汽车道路试验安全管理体系建设研究

为了保障汽车道路试验安全、提高安全管理水平,设计提出汽车道路试验安全管理体系(SMS)总方案。根据OHSAS 18001和安全标准化规范的特点分析,论证了融合两种体系建立道路试验SMS的适用性。并从政策与目标、风险管理、安全保证和安全促进四个模块阐述了该体系的搭建思路、框架内容和搭建步骤。最后,以某自主品牌车企研发中心道路试验的应用情况为例进行效果评估,结果表明:汽车道路试验SMS能有效防控风险、提升试验安全管理水平。     

萃取法分离回收不锈钢酸洗污泥硫酸浸出液中的重金属

采用非皂化P204和皂化P204萃取剂对不锈钢酸洗污泥的硫酸浸出液进行萃取。在浸出液pH为0.80、非皂化P204体积分数为25%、萃取剂与浸出液体积比为1∶2、萃取时间为5 min的条件下,Fe~(3+)萃取率达99.64%,Cr~(3+)和Ni~(2+)萃取率为3.98%和6.99%,一次萃余液pH为0.64。采用皂化P204对除Fe~(3+)后的一次萃余液进行萃取,在P204体积分数为25%、萃取剂与浸出液体积比为1∶2、萃取剂皂化率为60%、一次萃余液pH为1.50、萃取时间为5 min的条件下,Ni~(2+)萃取率为93.12%,Cr~(3+)萃取率为20.69%,二次萃余液pH为2.63。     

基于稳健统计方法对实验室比对中土壤汞的质量控制指标研究

利用稳健四分位间距法和迭代法2种稳健统计方法,通过对全国31个省、自治区、直辖市范围内共334家环境监测单位开展土壤中汞的实验室间比对,对比对测定结果和质控数据进行统计分析,系统性地研究了土壤中汞的质量控制指标。建议实际监测工作中土壤汞的实验室间相对标准偏差范围为7%～19%,相对误差控制指标为±8%,低浓度水平下可适当放宽至±10%,加标回收率控制范围为81%～109%,为日常监测开展土壤汞的质量控制工作提供了评价依据,具有广泛的应用价值和较好的指导作用。     

纳米铁氧化物吸附处理重金属废水的研究进展

概述了用于吸附重金属的主要纳米铁氧化物的种类及其吸附效果,介绍了常见的纳米铁氧化物制备方法及改性方法,讨论了影响纳米铁氧化物吸附重金属的主要因素,并对纳米铁氧化物在水环境保护领域中的研究方向提出了展望:如发展绿色、高效的纳米铁氧化物制备工艺,探讨纳米铁氧化物结构调控和表面功能化对其吸附性能的影响等。     

超前支架迈步过程稳定控制方法研究

为提高巷道超前支架迈步前移过程的稳定性和安全性,建立一种基于液压油液体积平均释放原则的迈步稳定控制方法。用软件仿真及样机实测的方法,检验所提出控制方法的控制效果。结果表明,与传统的直线、对数曲线、指数曲线的阀芯位移控制方法相比,应用所建立的方法,设备迈步过程支撑力波动最小,稳定过程耗时最短,为2.2 s,顶板变形量最小,最大值约为4.74 mm。而采用对数曲线控制方式效果最差,稳定过程耗时3.8 s,顶板变形量最大值达到9.48 mm。     

基于FDS的加油站便利店火灾模拟

为了研究加油站便利店火灾的发展规律，选择合理的疏散路线，使用 FDS软件对某加油站便利店进行火灾数值模拟。通过观察烟气扩散和动态升温过程，分析便利店的烟气扩散和升温规律，对比分析不同疏散路线上温度、烟气层高度和能见度的数据变化规律，分析选择不同疏散路线对人员安全疏散的影响。结果表明:在无火灾报警设备的情况下，卫生间等有隔断的设施会延迟设施内人员获得火灾信息的时间,不利于安全疏散；同等高度下靠墙区域受高温烟气影响较中央开阔区域更大；疏散时选择合理的疏散路线可以显著延长安全疏散时间。     

复杂气井套管力学分析与可靠度评价

为建立考虑地层和套管参数随机性的套管可靠度评价理论方法，以便得到复杂井况下套管传统设计安全系数与可靠指标之间的关系，提出了非均匀地应力和内压联合作用下，沿套管最大外挤力方向管壁任意位置发生屈服失效时外壁等效均匀外挤力的计算方法；建立了套管抗挤和抗内压三轴强度计算公式以及有效内压计算方法；根据套管载荷和强度影响因素统计参数以及评价过程中参数测试标准值，利用蒙特卡洛法（MC）建立了完整的套管可靠度计算和评价方法；通过实例对传统安全系数与可靠指标的对应关系进行了研究。研究结果表明:指定条件下，套管安全系数与可靠指标之间存在对应关系；利用建立的方法编制计算程序可以为传统设计法中安全系数代表的安全程度进行量化；可靠度评价方法能够为安全系数的选取提供指导。     

Diffusive gradients in thin films using molecularly imprinted polymer binding gels for in situ measurements of antibiotics in urban wastewaters

• Selective molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) binding gel was prepared. • MIP-DGT showed excellent uptake performance for antibiotics. • In situ measurement of antibiotics in wastewaters via MIP-DGT was developed. • The MIP-DGT method was robust, reliable, and highly sensitive. Urban wastewater is one of main sources for the introduction of antibiotics into the environment. Monitoring the concentrations of antibiotics in wastewater is necessary for estimating the amount of antibiotics discharged into the environment through urban wastewater treatment systems. In this study, we report a novel diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) method based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for in situ measurement of two typical antibiotics, fluoroquinolones (FQs) and sulfonamides (SAs) in urban wastewater. MIPs show specific adsorption toward their templates and their structural analogs, resulting in the selective uptake of the two target antibiotics during MIP-DGT deployment. The uptake performance of the MIP-DGTs was evaluated in the laboratory and was relatively independent of solution pH (4.0–9.0), ionic strength (1–750 mmol/L), and dissolved organic matter (DOM, 0–20 mg/L). MIP-DGT samplers were tested in the effluent of an urban wastewater treatment plant for field trials, where three SA (sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, and trimethoprim) and one FQ (ofloxacin) antibiotics were detected, with concentrations ranging from 25.50 to 117.58 ng/L, which are consistent with the results measured by grab sampling. The total removal efficiency of the antibiotics was 80.1% by the treatment plant. This study demonstrates that MIP-DGT is an effective tool for in situ monitoring of trace antibiotics in complex urban wastewaters.     

土壤中7种重金属和砷测定的精密度控制指标研究

通过对浙江省近700组实际土壤样品进行分析,研究了土壤中铜、铅、锌、铬、镍、镉、砷、汞7种重金属和砷测定的精密度控制指标(实验室内相对偏差和实验室间相对偏差),并与行业标准分析方法和文献进行了比较,旨在为环境监测质量控制与质量保证工作提供参考。经统计分析,建议实验室内相对偏差控制指标如下:铜,≤15%;铅,≤15%;锌,≤15%;铬,≤15%;镍,≤15%;镉,≤20%;砷,≤15%;汞,≤50%。建议实验室间相对偏差控制指标如下:铜,≤25%;铅,≤25%;锌,≤20%;铬,≤20%;镍,≤25%;镉,≤35%;砷,≤25%;汞,≤55%。     

Investigating the quantitative and qualitative status of effluent in the wastewater treatment plant in Iran Central Iron Ore

The aim of present study was to investigate the quality of the produced effluent from different units of the Iran Central Iron Ore in Bafq city and comparison of effluent with the standards. This study presents the physicochemical and biological parameters data of effluent of three Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) with a capacity of 160 m³?d^?1. Most common parameters include pH, total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), chemical oxygen demand (COD), heavy metals, and total coliforms and fecal coliforms as biological indicators. Then, for each SBR system, the average of each parameter was determined, and results were compared with the standard recommended by the Iranian Environmental Protection Agency. Based on the results, some of the parameters, including BOD₅, COD, and TSS in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, are higher than the permitted amount for discharge to the surface water. Considering the BOD₅, COD, and TSS concentration in WWTPs, the treated wastewater is only suitable for agricultural and irrigation use. Therefore, wastewater produced by Iran Central Iron Ore Co. will need additional treatment to achieve standard quality of water before discharge in surface water and adsorbent well.